Witnesses?
Your question doesn't really have all the information necessary to have an accurate answer.
I believe the answer is <span>certification</span><span />
The issue of building roads and canals could be said to boil down to "Federalism" issue.
<u>Explanation:</u>
The American federalism in the antebellum period contributed to both a greater national position in rail development and more centralized railroads. Local competition between states prompted state Congressional representatives unable to construct local railroads to turn to federal aid.
Prior railway funding came from politicians from the south and frontier, who were drawn mainly into rail coalitions due to their own failure to create local rail networks. Over period, though, rivalry among coalition states and complaints about federal power led several of the coalition's initial members to retire.
To balance the interests of both the small and large states, the Framers of the Constitution divided the power of Congress between the two houses. Every state has an equal voice in the Senate, while representation in the House of Representatives is based on the size of each state's population.