Two that I know of are a sextant, and maybe an astrolabe
A volcanic explosion, a rising mass of salt, and a large meteor impact were all explanations put forward to explain how meteor crater formed.
A crater is a bowl-shaped depression or hollow area formed by a meteorite impact, volcanic activity, or an explosion. Impact craters form when objects such as asteroids and meteorites collide with larger solid surfaces such as planets and moons. Craters form when solids collide at super-velocity, no matter how hard they are.
Instantly evaporates, creating a huge shockwave on the ground that melts and recrystallizes rock. All that's left is a large circular hole in the ground and some very crumbling rocks. Volcanic activity often creates craters. Some volcanic craters are deep and have steep sides while others are wide and flat.
Know more about craters here
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Radiation is the process made by the Sun that you can feel warming your
face while outdoors. It comes from a mixture of ultraviolet rays and
infrared rays. The transfer of heat during this process can also burn
your skin if you are exposed to it for too long of a period.
Answer:
B) The warm, moist Pacific air rises and cools, releasing precipitation as it moves up the windward side of the range, and this cool, now dry air mass heats up as it descends on the leeward side of the range
Explanation:
The air masses that have formed over the Pacific and move toward the western coast of the United States are warm and moist ones. As they reach the coastline they continue into the mainland, but only to come upon a natural barrier, a north-south mountain range. The warm and moist air starts to move up and starts to cool off, and as it does, condensation occurs, thus the windward side of the mountain range gets a lot of precipitation. The cool, but now dry air continuous its movement across the mountain range, and moves down its leeward side. As it moves down on the leeward side it heats up again, so it becomes a warm and dry air mass. This makes the leeward side very dry, so it is no wonder that it is dominated by desert and semi-desert.