A historian that is interpreting the views that are expressed in the passage would most likely say that they were influenced by protestant desires to reform Christian society by adhering more closely to Biblical teachings.
In the letter that Martin Luther sent, he lamented that Christendom had become a misery and full of wretchedness.
He complained about the situation where no other person was allowed to interpret the bible except the Catholic pope.
He complained about the Popes and all the people serving with him who called themselves the spiritual estate and others the temporal estate.
He called for a reformation of this idea because according to him God has made all Christians one body and that all Christians were members of the same spiritual estate.
In summary, Martin Luther a protestant, was attacking the ills that were in the church and also the many issues of abuse of power by the pope. He called for reformation in the form of spiritual independence for the layman.
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