<span>It emerged in reaction to Islamic reform movements during the first half of the twentieth century.</span>
The choices can be found elsewhere and as follows:
<span>(1) introduction of communism
(2) establishment of democratic governments
(3) colonization of the region
(4) movements to gain independence
</span>
The correct answer would be option 3. The origin of this practice can be traced to colonization of the region. Hope this answers the question. Have a nice day.
Oklahoma is the nation's<span> third-</span>largest producer of<span> natural gas, fifth-</span>largest producer of<span> crude oil, and has the second-greatest number of active drilling</span>
