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Measurements of unprecedented detail returned by Japan's Hitomi satellite have allowed scientists to track the motion of X-ray-emitting gas at the heart of the Perseus cluster of galaxies for the first time. The results showcase the long-awaited premiere of a next-generation X-ray instrument whose key components were developed at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland.
Led by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Hitomi was launched on Feb. 17. Following the successful activation of the observatory and instruments, Hitomi suffered a mission-ending spacecraft anomaly on March 26.
Before its demise, though, Hitomi was able to peer into the Perseus cluster of galaxies, an assemblage of thousands of galaxies bound together by gravity. Located about 240 million light-years away and named for its host constellation, the Perseus galaxy cluster contains a vast amount of extremely hot gas. At temperatures averaging 90 million degrees Fahrenheit (50 million degrees Celsius), the gas glows brightly in X-rays. Prior to Hitomi's launch, astronomers lacked the capability to measure the detailed dynamics of this gas, particularly its relationship to bubbles of gas expelled by an active supermassive black hole in the cluster's core galaxy, NGC 1275.
For the first time, thanks to Hitomi's revolutionary Soft X-ray Spectrometer (SXS), an instrument developed and built by Goddard scientists working closely with colleagues from several institutions in the United States, Japan, and the Netherlands, astronomers have mapped the motion of X-ray-emitting gas in a cluster of galaxies and shown it moves at cosmically modest speeds.
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Answer:
Mercury is the smallest and closet to the sun.
Answer:
Great Australian Bight
Explanation:
The Great Victoria Desert is located in the central southern part of Australia. It is a vast desert with roughly west-east stretching, parallel and relatively close to the southern coast of Australia. The body of water just south of this desert is the Great Australian Bight. The Great Australian Bight is enormous oceanic bight, occupying the the western and central parts of the southern coastline of Australia. It is a water body that seemingly goes inland as it is curved inside toward the Australian mainland. While the northern border of this body of water is the Australian coastline, its southern border is the Southern Ocean. There is a little confusion about the Great Australian Bight and to which ocean it belongs too, with the Australian scientists claiming it is part of the Southern Ocean, while all the rest from around the world claim that it is part of the Indian Ocean.
A hemisphere is a half of a sphere.
At its greatest extent, the Arab Empire controlled 3/4 of the Mediterranean region, the only other empire besides the Roman Empire to control most of the Mediterranean Sea. The Mediterranean Sea was important to the Roman Empire in that it was a vital trade link with other parts of the Empire, especially the Middle East and North Africa. As Rome grew, it needed the grains and other food from the Levant, and African animals were considered status symbols in the Roman royal courts.
