The correct answer is speciation.
Speciation is the term that describes the evolutionary process causing populations to evolve into different species. There are four different types of speciation: allopatric, peripatric, parapatric and sympatric. In this case, the process described is an allopatric speciation, the most common of these four types. Allopatric speciation happens when populations are geographically separated, an event that obstructs the gene flow. Since the gene flow stops, the populations evolve in response to the different environments that they live in.
The answer is; DNA
The central dogma is DNA- RNA- Protein
Gene therapy involves the replacement of bad genes in the DNA of a human subject with a better gene. A recessive/mutated allele is removed and a healthy one is inserted. This way, the proper proteins can be produced solving the disease trait. Ultimately, it will not require drugs to treat the disease.
The decomposition of marine plants that depletes dissolved oxygen
I am pretty sure it is glycogenesis<span>. Please tell me if I'm wrong.</span>