Electoral College - In an ideal representative democracy, leaders are elected on a one-person, one-vote basis. However, the framers created the Electoral College for selecting the president. This emanated from the framers' mistrust for majoritarian democracies. This was also aimed at curbing the domination of folk from huge states.
Checks and Balances - The majority are supposed to determine the course of action in any democratic government. However, the framers established a meticulous system of checks and balances to prevent either of the three branches of government: executive, judiciary and Legislature from dominating the other two.
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Answer:
Separation of powers is a doctrine of constitutional law under which the three branches of government (executive, legislative, and judicial) are kept separate. This is also known as the system of checks and balances, because each branch is given certain powers so as to check and balance the other branches.