The leaders who spread Islam after Muhammad's death were Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali. If you want the answer from a website, I suggest going here
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Realism arose in opposition to Romanticism, which had dominated French literature and art since the late 18th century. Realist painters often depicted common laborers, and ordinary people in ordinary surroundings engaged in real activities as subjects for their works.
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Franz Ferdinand's assassination led to the July Crisis and precipitated Austria-Hungary's declaration of war against Serbia, which in turn triggered a series of events that eventually led to Austria-Hungary's allies and Serbia's allies declaring war on each other, starting World War I.
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geographical factors, culture and history, economic factors, technology, national capability, leadership, political accountability, bureau of press and bureaucracy.
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