Let
• R = red
• r = white
• S = short stem
• s = long stem
Then two heterozygous (RrSs) parents can each contribute one of the following allele pairs:
RS, Rs, rS, rs
so that the genotypes of their offspring have the following distribution:
![\begin{array}{ccccc} & RS & Rs & rS & rs \\ RS & \boxed{RRSS} & \boxed{RRSs} & \boxed{RrSS} & \boxed{RrSs} \\ Rs & \boxed{RRSs} & RRss & \boxed{RrSs} & Rrss \\ rS & \boxed{RrSS} & \boxed{RrSs} & \boxed{rrSS} & \boxed{rrSs} \\ rs & \boxed{RrSs} & Rrss & \boxed{rrSs} & rrss \end{array}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bccccc%7D%20%26%20RS%20%26%20Rs%20%26%20rS%20%26%20rs%20%5C%5C%20RS%20%26%20%5Cboxed%7BRRSS%7D%20%26%20%5Cboxed%7BRRSs%7D%20%26%20%5Cboxed%7BRrSS%7D%20%26%20%5Cboxed%7BRrSs%7D%20%5C%5C%20Rs%20%26%20%5Cboxed%7BRRSs%7D%20%26%20RRss%20%26%20%5Cboxed%7BRrSs%7D%20%26%20Rrss%20%5C%5C%20rS%20%26%20%5Cboxed%7BRrSS%7D%20%26%20%5Cboxed%7BRrSs%7D%20%26%20%5Cboxed%7BrrSS%7D%20%26%20%5Cboxed%7BrrSs%7D%20%5C%5C%20rs%20%26%20%5Cboxed%7BRrSs%7D%20%26%20Rrss%20%26%20%5Cboxed%7BrrSs%7D%20%26%20rrss%20%5Cend%7Barray%7D)
The probability of producing offspring with either the SS or Ss genotype is then 12/16 = 3/4.
In other words, there are 4² = 16 possible genotypes among the offspring, and each parent has a 1/2 probability of contributing the S allele. There are 2 cases to consider:
• both parents contribute the S allele with probability (1/2)² = 1/4
• one parent contributes the S allele while the other contributes the s allele, and this can happen in 2 ways with probability 2 × (1/2)² = 1/2
These events are mutually exclusive, so the total probability is 1/4 + 1/2 = 3/4.
C. Despite all integers being rational numbers, Rational numbers are not solely integThey can be fractions ie: 1/3 or decimals ie: 0.97 and whole numbers. Hence, you choice is c.
There are several occurrences which that really need some incorporation of controls, such as :
- Operating process/procedures
- Budgeting
-Auditing process to found out some redundancy
- During interaction with customers
hope this helps