Answer:
Aversive conditioning
Explanation:
Aversion conditioning is the conditioning process that is used to avoid undesired behavior. The stimuli are associated with the noxious stimulus or undesired stimulus to avoid undesired behavior or response. This is a therapy that is used to reduce the behavior that is undesirable for all.
Thus Paul gets an injection to avoid excessive smoking. This injection is given because Paul can avoid that undesirable behavior that is not accepted in the society.
This conditioning is useful in another disorder such as OCD.
Answer:
c( because they were pro republican after the civil war becuase lincoln was a republican and the democrats were pro white but after the great depression and FDR who was a democrat they switched
A researcher who focuses primarily on emotional responses, learned fears, and other learned expectations is focusing on psychological influences. According to businessdictionary, psychology is the study of the human mind and behavior. "The psychologist was called to the witness stand to explain the psychological reasons why and how the defendantmight have acted in such an unpredictable manner."
The capital of Russia is Moscow. For centuries, the capital of Russia had been St. Petersburg, named after the Russian tsar Peter I. However, after its violent transition to communism in the early 20th century, Moscow was adopted as the new capital. It is also the largest city in Russia, with a population of close to 17 million people.
The capital of Ukraine is Kiev. Kiev is one of the oldest cities in eastern Europe and played an important economic role when it was encompassed by the Soviet Union. However, Ukraine regained its independence in 1991 and Kiev is still its capital.
The capital of Latvia is Riga, which has a tradition of an industrialized Baltic seaport. With close to 650,000 inhabitants, Riga also happens to be the largest city in the three Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.
