A, the earth system
The boundary would be the atmosphere, as energy cannot leave. No mass is shared between the rest of the universe and Earth
The main idea is answer choice A.
Answer:
Ecological niche is a term for the position of a species within an ecosystem, describing both the range of conditions necessary for persistence of the species, and its ecological role in the ecosystem. Ecological niche subsumes all of the interactions between a species and the biotic and abiotic environment, and thus represents a very basic and fundamental ecological concept. The tentative definition presented above indicates that the concept of niche has two sides which are not so tightly related: one concerns the effects environment has on a species, the other the effects a species has on the environment. In most of ecological thinking, however, both meanings are implicitly or explicitly mixed. The reason is that ecology is about interactions between organisms, and if persistence of a species is determined by the presence of other species (food sources, competitors, predators, etc.), all species are naturally both affected by environment, and at the same time affect the environment for other species.
Explanation:
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