like later English colonies, poorly supplied, and the first colonists were actively hostile toward local Native people. This lack of allies would have made survival as an autonomous community especially difficult—surviving as distinctly Englishmen and women may have been impossible.
"<span>d. high levels of both minerals and salinity" would be the best option, since without direct contact with larger bodies of water it's very hard for the minerals and salt to dissipate and "spread out".</span>