Answer:
e. derived characters
Explanation:
Any characteristic change which is transfer to the new species from ancestors but is different from the original character. It will be called as derived character.
But if the same character is transfer from ancestor to the new species this will called as ancestral character.
The polarity of water enables it to serve as a solvent for polar substances.
A polar substance is a substance that has a positive end and a negative end. Water itself is a polar substance and this polarity enables it to dissolve polar substances.
For instance, HCl dissolves in water because it is polar. The positive end of the dipole in HCl attaches to the negative end of the dipole in water and the negative end of the dipole in HCl attaches to the positive end of the dipole in water.
This dipole - dipole interaction accounts for the dissolution of HCl in water.
Also, ion - dipole interaction accounts for the dissolution of ionic substances such as NaCl in water.
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Pathogens are harmful because they are tiny organisms like a bacterium, a fungi, or a virus that causes people to be sick. It causes diseases like the rhinovirus which is the cause of common cold. It is commonly found in hospital wastes and even the water used in swimming.
Answer:
If a checkpoint fails or if a cell suffers physical damage to chromosomes during cell division, or if it suffers a debilitating somatic mutation in a prior S phase, it may selfdestruct in response to a consequent biochemical anomaly.
