These two are correct:
- All men have natural rights.
- The purpose of government is to protect natural rights.
Explanation:
The Scientific Revolution had shown that there are natural laws in place in the physical world and in the universe at large. Applying similar principles to matters like government and society, Enlightenment thinkers believed that using reason will guide us to the best ways to operate politically so we can create the most beneficial conditions for society. John Locke and other Enlightenment era thinkers wrote with strong conviction that all human beings have certain natural rights which are to be protected and preserved. Each individual's well-being (life, health, liberty, possessions) should be served by the way government and society are arranged.
The Declaration of Independence states these Enlightenment views on natural rights in this way:
- <em>We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.</em>
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen opens with this assertion:
- <em>The representatives of the French people, organized as a National Assembly, believing that the ignorance, neglect, or contempt of the rights of man are the sole cause of public calamities and of the corruption of governments, have determined to set forth in a solemn declaration the natural, unalienable, and sacred rights of man, in order that this declaration, being constantly before all the members of the Social body, shall remind them continually of their rights and duties.</em>
Similarities:
All three revolutions served to decrease monarchical authority.
All three revolutions allowed for bigger citizen participation in politics.
All three revolutions gave more rights to their citizens.
Differences:
Decrease of monarchical powers:
The glorious revolution only severely reduced the power of the monarch, whereas the other two (French and American revolutions) effectively removed the monarch.
The Glorious revolution and French revolution led to immediate change, whereas the American revolution only led to an institutional change. Women were still considered property of men, and only rich white male land-owners could vote in the new American Republic.
True , because it stated that slavery was often referred and is recognized as the immediate cause of the civil war.
