Answer:
Migration, whether internal or international, has always been one of the forces driving the growth of urbanization and bringing opportunities and challenges to cities, migrants and governments. Increasingly, municipal authorities are becoming recognized as key actors in managing migration and have started including migration in their urban planning and implementation.
For cities to better manage migration, data on migration and urbanization are essential. However, these data are not always available or – if available – not used or accessible at the urban level, nor disaggregated, comprehensive or comparable, particularly in low-income countries.
Answer: A higher dependency ratio is likely to reduce productivity growth. A growth in the non-productive population will diminish productive capacity and could lead to a lower long-run trend rate of economic growth.
Answer:
Standards of living in Western European Contries are higher than the world average because the GDP Per Capita of Western European Countries is higher than the world average.
Standards of living in Western European Countries are also high because the governments of these countries offer many social services, either free, or at low costs.
Western European Countries are mostly peaceful, with only very localized crime and violence.
Finally, Western European Countries developed very fast during the latter half of the XX century, but economic growth has stagnated in recent decades.
Physical erosion and chemical erosion
I'm not sure its correct the two might be considered the same
C. Shanghai and the terra-cotta warriors belong together
