As part of the "Great Coastal Migration," the progenitors of the first Australians were among the first modern people to depart from Africa. Debatable, but generally speaking, the Great Coastal Migration left between 50 and 60,000 years ago. As the name suggests, this migration made its way from Africa via Arabia to India and Southeast Asia along the shore of the Indian Ocean. Sea levels were substantially lower back then. The huge islands off the coast of western Indonesia were really a massive peninsula known as Sunda. Australia, Tasmania, and Papua were all part of a one continuous landmass known as Sahul (in both cases "Sunda" and "Sahul" are modern names for these ancient landmasses, rather than ancient names that have lingered). However, water levels never decreased to the point that they could immediately connect the smaller Indonesian islands of Sunda and Sahul. (Check attachment for a map - for reference).
The Great Coastal Migration had to island hop their way through these little islands to reach Australia when they reached the eastern tip of Sunda. For this portion of the migration, boats or rafts were required, and they could have been required sooner if the Great Coast Migrants had departed Africa by the Horn rather than the Suez. However, we haven't yet discovered concrete proof of the type of watercraft that may have been created at the period. The oldest trustworthy indication of the existence of humans is found between 45 and 50,000 years ago in both Papua and mainland Australia. Historically speaking there's a wide diversity of small watercraft used by indigenous Australians (Check out the second attachment for another map reference); but 45-50,000 years ago is far to remote a time for this historical data to really be useful in telling us what sort of boats or rafts the first Australians used to make the final leg of their journey into Australia.
I might me wrong but i think it is Spain sorry if Im wrong
Answer:
Explanation:
The entire structure of European society changed during the 12th and 13th centuries, and there was a time when this change was attributed largely to the Crusades. Historians now, however, tend to view the Crusades as only one, albeit significant, factor in Europe’s development. It is likely that the disappearance of old families and the appearance of new ones can be traced in part to the Crusades, but generalizations must be made with caution. It should, moreover, be remembered that, while some Crusaders sold or mortgaged their property, usually to ecclesiastical foundations, others bequeathed it to relatives. The loss of life was without doubt considerable; many Crusaders, however, did return to their homes.
The sectors acquired by burgeoning Italian cities in the Crusader states enabled them to extend their trade with the Muslim world and led to the establishment of trade depots beyond the Crusade frontiers, some of which lasted long after 1291. The transportation they provided was significant in the development of shipbuilding techniques. Italian banking facilities became indispensable to popes and kings. Catalans and Provençal's also profited, and, indirectly, so did all of Europe. Moreover, returning Crusaders brought new tastes and increased the demand for spices, Oriental textiles, and other exotic fare. But such demands can also be attributed to changing lifestyles and commercial growth in Europe itself.
The establishment of the Franciscan and Dominican friars in the East during the 13th century made possible the promotion of missions within the Crusade area and beyond. Papal bulls granted special facilities to missionary friars, and popes sent letters to Asian rulers soliciting permission for the friars to carry on their work. Often the friars accompanied or followed Italian merchants, and, since the Mongols were generally tolerant of religious propaganda, missions were established in Iran, the Asian interior, and even China. But, since Islamic law rigidly prohibited propaganda and punished apostasy with death, conversions from Islam were few. The Dominican William of Tripoli had some success, presumably within the Crusaders’ area; he and his colleague Riccardo di Monte Croce both wrote perceptive treatises on Islamic faith and law. Other missionaries usually failed, and many suffered martyrdom. In the 14th century the Franciscans were finally permitted to reside in Palestine as caretakers for the holy places but not as missionaries.
Answer:
The correct answers are:
1. agreement
2. products
3. exporters
Explanation:
The North American Free Trade Agreement refers to a free trade zone between Mexico, Canada and the United States. This agreement permits reducing costs in order to promote the exchange of goods between these countries.
It represents an executive agreement of Congress, which is not subject to the practices of international law or subject to the laws of other nations.
