D.
Stare decisis refers to the guiding principle that law should build upon that which came before it.
Justices can, of course, full reverse precedent, but many justices instead choose to nitpick and build and parse so as to build a more complex bed of common law.
The answer to the question is letter A. The term described in the above example or scenario is demand elasticity. The term is a measure of the relavance between a change in the quantity of a particular good and a change of the price of the good.
The correct answer is: He led attacks on Spanish ships carrying treasure from the Americas.
Drake did a number of things to delight Elizabeth, including defeating the Spanish armada but he gained renown for his privateering.