Troubadours lived in southern France and wrote poems in the provençal language. This word comes from the word "trobar" which means "to invent". While Trouveres flourished in northern France and wrote in old french. They refer to poets and composers who were influenced by troubadours.
The answer is d: huge numbers of Africans died within a few years of arriving in the Americas. Many Africans who were captured were put in cramped conditions where many of them did not survive the trip. Those who did were sold and were made to work on plantations. Some slaves where whipped if they angered their masters while others died either from over worked or cruelty.
I would say option 2 because people could have different opinions on weather it was effective or not, which would allow you to make it into an argumentative essay.
