Living organisms such as bacteria, fungi, algae are very important in the soil, they perform several functions, some of which include the following;
- Living organisms help break down dead plant parts, this helps to add more nutrients to the soil
- Living organisms dig up holes in the soil, this helps to maintain aeration in the soil.
- Living organisms play a major role on the production of humus
- Living organisms help to break large particles of rock
- Living organisms such as Rhizobium bacteria help in the fixing of nitrogen
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A protein kinase that is specific to the amino acids serine and threonine is known as a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK or MAP kinase; also known as a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase).
<h3>Mitogen-activated protein kinase :</h3>
A small number of cell surface receptors can ultimately generate a large intracellular response due to activation of kinase cascades.
In order to trigger an appropriate physiological response, such as cellular proliferation, differentiation, development, inflammatory reactions, and death in mammalian cells, MAPK pathways relay, amplify, and integrate information from a variety of stimuli.
Tyrosine phosphorylation, specifically numerous tyrosines on each RTK in the dimer, is how cross-linking triggers the tyrosine kinase activity in these RTKs. The term "cross-phosphorylation" refers to this action.
The activation of a MAPKKKK or MAPKKK by stimulation of plasma membrane receptors is the initial stage of signal transduction. The MAPKKK then phosphorylates two serine or threonine residues in the S/T-X5-S/T (X is any amino acid) motif of its activation loop, activating a downstream MAPKK.
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Answer:
c. autotrophs and animals are heterotrophs
Explanation:
There's many differences between the plants and the animals, be it their physical appearance, way of live, how do they function, their requirements for survival. One of the major differences between the plants and the animals is that the plants are autrotrophs, while the animals are heterotrophs. The autrophs are the organisms that are able to produce their own food, thus they are producers, meaning that they do not need nutrition from other organic sources. The heterotrophs on the other side are the organisms that are not able to produce food for themselves, but instead they get their food through consuming of other living organisms, making them primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers.
Bones: they lose calcium, becoming crispy
Muscle: they lose mass
Cartilage: becomes stiffer, but it does not make airway more rigid
D) connective tissue: It includes bone, blood, and lymph tissue, giving support to the skin and internal organs, becoming increasingly stiff when aging.
It should be connective tissue.
