<span>The correct answer should be something like the Russian Monarchy or the Russian Government. They mass murders of Jews were called pogroms and were carried out by both the government and angry people who believed that Jews were responsible for the assassination of Alexander II. Alexaneder III created many anti jew laws and if they didn't convert to Eastern Orthodoxy they would have serious issues with the locals.</span>
The term that Mark Twain coined as an era characteriezed by a facade of prosperity was gilded age. "Gilded Age" was a title of a book that he co-wrote with Charles Warner. The book is about poor people trying to get rich and their relentless pursuit of wealth. Gilded gold was a term that meant that gold was placed on top of gold over and over, as in a bar of gold.
The First Europeans. The first Europeans to arrive in North America -- at least the first for whom there is solid evidence -- were Norse, traveling west from Greenland, where Erik the Red had founded a settlement around the year 985.
The League of Nations was an international organization established in 1920, aimed at providing collective security in the international community to maintain world peace.
Further details about the League of Nations:
The United States never joined the League of Nations, in spite of the fact that an organization such as the League of Nations was the signature idea of US President Woodrow Wilson. He had laid out 14 Points for establishing and maintaining world peace following the Great War (World War I). Point #14 was the establishment of an international peacekeeping association. The Treaty of Versailles adopted that idea, but back home in the United States, there was not support for involving America in any association that could diminish US sovereignty over its own affairs or involve the US again in wars beyond those pertinent to the United States' own national security. The lack of involvement by the world's fastest-growing superpower, the United States, hampered its effectiveness.
The League of Nations had set out clear goals for what it intended to do. The main aims of the League were disarmament across nations, preventing war through collective security of the international community, settling disputes between countries through negotiation, and improving welfare of people around the globe. But it proved unable to meet those goals. The United Nations today has similar goals, and has been more effective in its efforts -- though there are still plenty of people who criticize the UN's effectiveness.
