The Codex Hammurabi, compiled around 1780 BC, is one of the oldest codes of law found so far, and one of the best preserved examples of this type of document from ancient Mesopotamia.
Initially it was thought that the text was a codification, similar to, for example, the Code Napoleon. Nowadays people are no longer convinced of this, partly because important matters from the society of that time are not covered. For example, livestock farming is only discussed indirectly. In addition, no reference to the codex is made in any legal text of that time.
Opinions differ as to what the text is. On the one hand it is thought to be a scientific treatise, on the other it is said to be royal propaganda with which Hammurabi established himself as king of justice who could be trusted when wronged.
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