Ecologists are unsettled on whether or not any truly commensal interactions among organisms take place or not because it depends on the kind of organisms. When a bird makes a nest in a tree and lays eggs, the eggs are definitely safe. This procedure does not harm the tree directly, but it can stop the sunlight from reaching some parts of the tree. This actually shows that the bird has benefited from the situation but the tree has lost out.
Answer:
The podcast addresses secondary risks in the aftermath of an earthquake. These risks include damaged structures, the disruption of rivers due to debris buildup, and changes in groundwater. The podcast also points out that landslides are a common secondary effect of earthquakes. The podcast can help inform Japanese leaders of such risks so that they might successfully develop policies and procedures for handling future earthquakes and the recovery from their ensuing damage.
Explanation: Exact answer from Tutorial
I belive it it O because <span>An O horizon has at least 20% </span>organic matter<span> by mass. Two main scenarios result in the formation of an O horizon: saturated, </span>anaerobic<span> conditions (wetlands) or high production of leaf litter in forested areas. Anaerobic conditions slow the </span>decomposition<span> process and allow organic material to accumulate. An O horizon can have various stages of decomposed organic matter: highly decomposed, sapric; moderately decomposed, hemic; and minimally decomposed, fibric. In a fibric O layer, plant matter is recognizable (e.g., it is possible to identify a leaf). Sapric material is broken down into much finer matter and is unrecognizable as a plant part. Hemic is in between sapric and fibric, with some barely recognizable plant material present. It is possible to have multiple O horizons stacked upon one another exhibiting different decomposition stages. Because of their organic content, these horizons are typically black or dark brown in color. The dominant processes of the O horizon are </span>additions<span> of organic matter, and </span><span>transformations </span><span>from fibric to sapric
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Your answer will be b and c because you're planting of crops will take a while to grow so it is not a sudden change to the Earth's surface and if you're building a tunnel through the mountain it won't affect the Earth's surface
