The South was opposed to tariffs as they believed that the Northern factories were the only true beneficiaries that benefitted. The tariffs were introduced to help Northern factories fight back against lower-priced imported goods, which the South favored as they had a weak industrial base and liked cheaper goods.
The South also believed the tariffs to be unconstitutional as they favored Northern factories over Southern farms.
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African-American leader W.E.B. DuBois noted that the first cause of migration was economic crisis. Flooding and boll weevil infestations in Alabama and Mississippi had devastated farm work there. Occurring at the same time, immigration from Europe to the United States had been curtailed. So that meant there was a strong demand for more workers to move to the industrial northern states. Thirdly, there had been outbreaks of violence against blacks in the South, notably in Georgia and South Carolina.
Moving across the country (or to a new country) is a hard decision to make. If life is bearable where people are living, they're likely to stay there and endure it. But when factors make leaving less risky or painful than staying, that's when large migrations of population will occur.
The answer to this question mentioned above is "Federalism".
The fact that Southern juries generally did not convict those accused of murdering of African-Americans and civil rights workers illustrates one of the problems associated with America's constitutional provision for FEDERALISM.
2 more Senators in the Senate.