Answer:
<u>b. learning occurs independently of reinforcement</u>
Explanation:
Edward C. Tolman was one of the famous American psychologists who was best known for his research on 'cognitive maps', latent learning theory, cognitive behaviorism, and intervening variable.
According to Tolman, an individual has the capability of doing more than merely responding to certain stimuli, instead, he or she acts on attitudes, beliefs, strive towards specific goals, and a few changing conditions. He was considered as the only behaviorists who don't accept the "stimulus-response theory", as he believed that reinforcement wasn't required for learning.
In the question above, the correct answer is option-b.
Answer:
D. sample: population
Explanation:
Sample: In psychological research, the term sample is defined as a particular group of items, people, or objects that are being taken-out from a specifically large population for measurement. A research sample should be considered as representative to a specific population from where it has been taken out so that a researcher can generalize his or her findings from the sample related to the population considered as a whole.
Population: In psychological research, the term population refers to a large collection of objects or individuals which form a basis of a scientific study or query. It is also referred to as a well-defined collection of specific objects or individuals that possesses familiar characteristics.
In the question above, the given statement represents the sample and the population.
2)
a) 17℅
b)25℅
C) 15℅
d) 18.5℅
3)
most likely b
<span>1.The Northern Boundary was the city of Carchemish above Damascus in Syria.
2. The West Boundary was the Mediterranean Sea which included the cities of Tyre, Sidon, Byblos, Gaza, and in the south the western boundary extended past Tanis in Egypt to Libya.
3. The Eastern Boundary was the eastern portion of the Dead Sea, up to Damascus, Kadesh, and Carchemish in the north.</span>
Answer:
Global temperatures; in the past half-century.
Explanation:
The graph of the global temperatures in the northern hemisphere was more or less costant until it spiked very hard in the past half-century. Therefore, it is called the "hockey stick" chart because its shape resembles a hockey stick. The original graph was made, as the exercise details, by Michael Mann and his colleagues in 1999.
