Three main obstacles to growth in the Christian life is society, devil and flesh.
The Puritans were a protestant movement in the 16th and 17th century. Their goal was a purification of the churches of England from the Catholic practice it followed.
That would be 4 Japan, where they dropped the two nuclear bombs in Nagasaki and Hiroshima
The byzantine empire lost Rome. Rome was claimed by the byzantines in the 6th century and in the 6th century was given to the papacy as the major seat and capitol of the papal state