Answer: Complex IV, also known as cytochrome c oxidase, oxidizes cytochrome c and transfers the electrons to oxygen, the final electron carrier in aerobic cellular respiration. The cytochrome proteins a and a3, in addition to heme and copper groups in complex IV transfer the donated electrons to the bound dioxygen species, converting it into molecules of water. The free energy from the electron transfer causes 4 protons to move into the intermembrane space contributing to the proton gradient. Oxygen reduces via the following reaction:
2 cytochrome c(red) + ½O2 + 4 H+(matrix) -> 2 cytochrome c(ox) + 1 H2O + 2 H+(intermembrane)
Explanation:
In the electron transport chain (ETC), the electrons go through a chain of proteins that increases its reduction potential and causes a release in energy. Most of this energy is dissipated as heat or utilized to pump hydrogen ions (H+) from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space and create a proton gradient. This gradient increases the acidity in the intermembrane space and creates an electrical difference with a positive charge outside and a negative charge inside. The ETC proteins in a general order are complex I, complex II, coenzyme Q, complex III, cytochrome C, and complex IV.
harvesting nuts
Explanation:
The sustainable use of rainforest resources is exemplified by harvesting of nuts.
Wild nuts such as Brazil nut is very important for the sustainability of the Amazon rain forest in South America.
Due to the economic importance of the nut, locals and the government tend to rally round against exploiting rain forests in a negative way.
Families, government, industries e.t.c all depend on the nuts for livelihood. This prevents them from cutting trees in the forest in order to conserve and preserve their nut. Some of the nuts are localized and cannot be grown outside the wild.
This act helps to put the rainforest into a sustainable use.
Learn more:
Human impact on rainforest brainly.com/question/3995505
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In a typical cell membrane, phospholipids arrange themselves to form a bilayer. This bilayer is a thin membrane which is considered a polar membrane composed of two layers of lipid molecules. This serves as a barrier around the containing cells.
Answer: The release of heavy metal into the enviroment could possibly be dangerous becasue of pollution.
Explanation:
Pollution can harm some factories in which the energy could stop as the metals could mix into the coal and not continue with the process and could stop the production. Hope this was helpful!
Food webs graph is called a<span> competition graph </span>
