Referring words set up links by referring to sentences or the context that has just been mentioned to maintain continuity and avoid repetition. Other referring words include: noun-pronoun chains. demonstrative pronouns: this, that, these, those, there, (is/are) interrogative pronouns: who, which, what, whose, whom.
Nathaniel Hawthorne was born in Salem, Massachusetts, in 1804. His family descended from the earliest settlers of the Massachusetts Bay Colony; among his forebears was John Hathorne (Hawthorne added the “w” to his name when he began to write)
