Logical fallacies are arguments in a statement that are usually not based on a critical logic/knowledge about a specific situation/topic/circumstance. They need to be avoided for making our statement rightly put out in front of others.

Explanation:

“The government shouldn’t murder people who murder other people.” - here, the fallacy(mistake) is an opinion of a citizen or a layman cannot be considered as a law, unless and until conferred and studied upon when it involves political knowledge.
“If you can’t prove that I am lying then I must be telling the truth.” - here, with a point of view or perspective of a person who believes in certain aspects of personality traits that show cannot be true every time.
“My teacher didn’t take into account that I had a rough morning and that’s why I failed the exam. I should get another chance to take the test.” - here, again, when we look into a single student's excuse or reason, it is not right as per a teacher's guidelines. There are certain norms to be followed by every individual.
“Every time I sit down on my couch to watch the game, my team wins. I have to watch the game on the couch for my team to win.” - here, it is a perspective versus reality scenario. It might have been true for more than twice, but it does not really make any sense or give us a guarantee.
“Legalized abortion is a step to having an anti-life, murderous society.” - Here, it is an opinion of, may be, 40% of individuals around the world. It cannot be right only because few activists have taken these answers in to account.
"If all of your friends jump off of a bridge, than will you jump off?” - here, it is a sarcastic approach over talking or communicating about the level of stupidity a person can act with but not a realistic argument.