Answer:
A. The words "good dog"
Explanation:
In this case, we know that the primary reinforcer is the treat. The dog is gaining an immediate reward for doing what you wanted it to do. But even after it, you also praise the dog. This praise is the secondary reinforcement. The secondary reinforcement will allow the trainer to deliver reinforcement even if the dog is not hungry, which might cause problems if you only use the primary reinforcement.
This phenomenon can best be explained by <u>"the gate-control theory".</u>
According to the gate control theory, pain signals are not allowed to achieve the brain when they are produced at the harmed tissues or destinations. They have to experience certain 'neurological gates' at the spinal cord level and these doors decide if the torment signs should achieve the brain or not. As such, pain is seen when the entryway offers path to the torment signs and it is less exceptional or not in the least saw when the door closes for the signs to go through. This theory gives the clarification for why somebody discovers help by rubbing or kneading a harmed or a difficult region.
Answer:
1 (a). The example was contained in <em>"the sensation of tickling yourself feels so much weaker than that of someone else tickling you.
"</em>
(b). Wolpert explored it through the actions of <em>the Participants in the study were they were asked to use a finger on their right hand to tap a finger on their left hand with a computer-controlled device between the fingers.</em>
(c). Whether he saw the experiment as a success or not.
<em>Yes,</em> he saw the experiment as a success with the proof of the above-mention experiment. (find details below)
Explanation:
1 (a).<em> The example was contained in "the sensation of tickling yourself feels so much weaker than that of someone else tickling you.
" This expression can be elucidated further by considering that </em>our senses are constantly inundated with information from which the brain must select the most important in order to guide our behavior. Because the brain is interested in novel information, it tends to discount sensations that result directly from our own actions, such as when we touch one part of our body with another. It has been suggested that a brain mechanism predicts these sensory signals in advance and attenuates them before they reach awareness. This may explain, for example, why the sensation of tickling yourself feels so much weaker than that of someone else tickling you.
(b) & (c).
The research study reported this week supports this theory. Participants in the study were asked to use a finger on their right hand to tap a finger on their left hand. A computer-controlled device between the fingers could delay or advance the transmission of the tap to the left finger. The sensation of touch in the left finger was found to be reduced during a time window centered on the time at which the fingers would normally make contact. This phenomenon, whereby the brain seems to anticipate when a self-derived action should be perceived, may have the effect of making a touch from an external source easier to detect. The findings suggest that an element of prediction is involved in the attenuation of internally-derived sensation and that the attenuation is not merely associated with the body's movement per se.
Answer:
Compulsory and Voluntary
Explanation:
Everyone living in the society has some duties and responsibilities that they are obliged to perform or acted upon.
Such responsibilities are both compulsory type and voluntary type.
Some duties are compulsory in the sense they should obey the State's law, people should pay taxes or serve as a jury when summons, etc.
Whereas some voluntary duties and responsibilities of the citizens are voting in an election, practice tolerance by protecting others rights and respect the differences of others, protect public properties, involvement in community work, etc.
Thus the answer is Compulsory and Voluntary duties.
