Muslims believe that once before Islam was a religion, their were other religions, but all fell under the category; Tawheed. Tawheed was believing one god, which was in what they believed, Allah (swt). Since all of the following religions have a specific book that used to fall under Tawheed, they are the people of the book.
It depends on the area the peasant lived in. In Mediterranean countries the tradition of bathing remained alive and well until the sixteenth century. In practically every city there was a bathhouse, and people went about once a week. Peasants usually bathed in the nearest river or pond, more often during summer and probably never in winter. In northern Europe we have evidence of communal saunas, also in villages. So the peasants weren’t nearly as dirty as we tend to think.
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Martin Luther and John Calvin through their thoughts inspire leaders who may be called Puritan Protestants, who are those who are adherents of the Christian religion, moving away from the dogmas of the Catholic Church; which combine strict rules of conduct with a fervent dedication to work
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Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte; 20 April 1808 – 9 January 1873) was the first President of France (as Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte) from 1848 to 1852 and the last monarch of France as Emperor of the French from 1852 to 1870. A nephew of Napoleon I, he was the last monarch to rule over France. Elected to the presidency of the Second Republic in 1848, he seized power by force in 1851, when he could not constitutionally be reelected; he later proclaimed himself Emperor of the French. He founded the Second Empire, reigning until the defeat of the French Army and his capture by Prussia and its allies at the Battle of Sedan in 1870. Napoleon III was a popular monarch, who oversaw the modernization of the French economy and filled Paris with new boulevards and parks. He expanded the French overseas empire and made the French merchant navy the second largest in the world, engaged in the Second Italian War of Independence as well as the disastrous Franco-Prussian War, in which he commanded his soldiers during the fight and was captured.
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