Lipid Bilayer.A plasma membrane is made up of Lipid Bilayers, which consists of polar phosphate heads, which are hydrophilic or water loving, and non-polar fatty acid tails, which are hydrophobic. Proteins are embedded in the membrane as well.Cell membranes are known to have holes, or selective permeable.
Answer: Rosalind Franklin
Franklin created an x-ray photograph that allowed Watson and Crick to work out the 3D structure of DNA.
A mutation in human ATPase 6 from leucine to
arginine at position 156 may allow the movements of protons across the
membrane, but not rotating of the ring of c subunits.
This possible mechanism affect the function of
ATP synthase because there would be an uncoupling of proton translocation and ATP
synthesis. ATP synthase would remain sensitive to F0 proton conduction
inhibitors
Answer:
Explanation:
Four conditions are needed for natural selection to occur: reproduction, heredity, variation in fitness or organisms, variation in individual characters among members of the population.
ORR
Struggle for existence, variation and inheritance. These are said to be the necessary and sufficient conditions for natural selection to occur.
In complementary base pairing, the G pairs with C, and A pairs with T. Given that this be the rule, the complementary nucleotides for your sequence would be as follows: CGATTAACGTAGGCA.
With regards to proofreading, mutations in cell division occur once in around every 100,000 base pairs. If this happens, the enzyme that pairs the nucleotides to form DNA, called DNA polymerase, detects the error and moves back along the strand, it then cuts the incorrect nucleotide and replaces it with the correct one, fixing the error and continuing with the DNA synthesis.
This process corrects the majority of errors in DNA synthesis, but some errors can still be missed by the DNA polymerase, this is then rectified by a protein complex which binds to the incorrect pairing until anther complex, comes along and cuts that particular section of DNA out, which is then replaced by a new section of correct nucleotides synthesized by the polymerase enzyme, the two sections at either end that were cut is then sealed by ligase, an enzyme which essentially "glues" the DNA stands back together.
My apologies for the long answer, I hope I answered your question and that you understand it well enough.
