Question

why was constantinople able to survive as the central hub of european culture throughout the early 1000s?

Answer 1

Constantinople was able to survive due to its strategic location and sofisticated system of fortifications.

Constantinople was able to survive as the central hub of the European culture  throughout the early 1000s due to its strategic location, the city was located in a strait between the Black and Mediterranean Seas, between Europe and Asia, which allowed the city to be prevented from many invaders, from Hunes to Arabs.

In addition, the city counted with a sophisticated system of fortifications which made impossible any attempt of siege until the appearance of first developments on modern artillery in the 15th Century, and the city was well communicated with the most important nations in Eastern and Western Europe by sea (i.e. Italy, Carolingian Empire, Kiev' Rus), of which the city may receive reinforcements in desperate situations.

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