In the mentioned sestet from John Milton's sonnet VII, the way the act of trust responds to the speaker issues is that His trust in God allays his worries about his progress because he sees that he will arrive in life where he is meant to and when he is meant to.
In that stanza the speaker is sure that he does not have to worry trying to hasten his pace because God, his "Taskmaster's eye" is watching for him and he has a plan for everyone. So he trust God's plan and that it will eventually grant him his dues.
"He exercised while I watch television." because the tenses of the verbs don't match--"exercised" is past tense and "watch" is present.
First second and the last one
'with the spots' - is an adjective phrase because it determine the noun puppy with wich it grant.
