Answer:
Appeal to Unqualified Authority.
Explanation:
Appeal to unqualified authority fallacy is a logical fallacy that deals with arguments presented by someone in authority but is not qualified but still make unsound logic. In other words, we can say appeal to unqualified authority is when a person makes an argument about an issue that is just one-sided and or biased, and that person has o special qualification to make that appeal.
In the given circumstance, Mary believes that Betty's opinion of creationism as false is true. But the main fallacy is that Betty has a Ph.D. in biology but does not have the expertise to comment or make claims on religion or creation. This appeal by Mary is from an unqualified authority, that is Betty in this case.
Thus, the correct answer is the third option.
Where are your choices at?
It is a strategy used before and during reading; Previewing a text helps the reader to develop the main subject and prepare his mind to receive the informations from written materials.
This statement means that books are a tool that have the ability to take carry you to another world as a car takes you to somewhere physical, a book lets your mind wander to places in your imagination.
Joe Shmoe's determination that "What is Pluto" is a credible source is based on the fact that the source is an article from a reputable website. The website is credible because it is backed by a reputable organization, such as the National Science Foundation. The article is also credible because it is written by an expert in the field of astronomy.
