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The Classical Era set the scene. It brought us the major civilizations, religions, and trade routes. But, what happens when all of the major world powers collapse? This is the Post-Classical era. The major world powers come from places you might not expect. There are some powers that are similar to the ones before and the ones after (Byzantine, China). But, the major players in the Post-Classical era come from totally backwards places. One sprouts out of a cave in the Arabian desert. The other comes from the base of a mountain on the steppes in Central Asia. I call this era, Muslims & Mongols. That's not everything, but it just about sums up the basics. (Of course, Trade, Migrations, Religion, and Labor are important...) The Post Classical Era is the FIRST era that represents 20% of the test. From here on out, these eras are worth more than the first two.
Answer: self-determination was placed in only for Europe, and not in the outer territories and this came to be known as the system of mandates.
Explanation: The system of mandates led to freeing some of the colonies under German control only for them to be put under control of the allies such as England and France.
Self-determination is a political principle an is the process by which a group of people form their own state and choose their own government. In World War I the Allies accepted self-determination as a peace aim.
In Eastern Europe, when the German, Austrian, and Russian empires fell, many nations emerged and this self-determination led to the creation of many nations such as Czechoslovakia, Poland, the Baltic states, and Yugoslavia. However, by creating mandates outside Europe, the treaties ignored non-European peoples' right to self determination.
Answer: It reinforced the United Nations' peacekeeping efforts in Somalia.
Before the advent of Islam, Arabs lived in tribal organizations as cattlemen and nomads. The chief of the tribe was the sheikh, who had no executive power but was the first among equals. For the sake of secure trade, one of the tribe was keen on unifying Arab tribes, which would reduce frequent conflicts between them.
Explanation:
- Tribes were often at odds with each other, mostly because of the water source. The situation in the Arabian Peninsula is beginning to change as trade develops, a mostly intermediary trade between Byzantium and India as the main trade route is shifting to Arabia due to the conflict between Byzantium Empire and Persia.
- This brokerage trade enriched the tribe, who controlled much of Arabia's most developed area - the province of Hejaz, which houses the strongest city center, Mecca.
- For the sake of secure trade, they were keen on unifying Arab tribes, which would reduce frequent conflicts between them. They were not powerful enough to exercise pan-Arab political power, so they tried to achieve the unity of the Arabs on the basis of a common religious cult, which is the obvious influence of the surrounding monotheistic religions - Christianity and Judaism.
- The center of this cult became the temple at Mecca, or Kaaba, which was the tribal shrine.
- The influence of monotheistic religions is particularly evident in one pre-Islamic monotheistic sect among Arabs, the so-called Hanif, whose worshipers believed in one eternal and omnipotent deity - Allah.
Class: History
Level: Middle school
Keywords: Mecca, trade routes
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