Answer;
Both genes and the environment
Both genes and the environment direct and produce human behaviors, personality traits, and even psychological disorders.
Explanation;
-Human behavior is determined by complex interactions of both nature and nurture. Genetic make up of a person together with the environment influences the physical and behavioral characteristics of an individual.
-Personality is a complex trait that is influenced by many different genetic and environmental factors. Personality traits are also polygenic trait because multiple genes are involved in determining these traits. Because a large number of genes each playing a small role in determining our personality, it is difficult to isolate and identify these genes.
The ocean absorbs most of the excess heat from greenhouse gas emissions, leading to rising ocean temperatures. Increasing ocean temperatures affect marine species and ecosystems. Rising temperatures cause coral bleaching and the loss of breeding grounds for marine fishes and mammals.
The amount of water on the planet is fixed; it neither increases or decreases. Glaciers are sheets of moving ice. This water to form these extensive sheets must come from somewhere. The water comes from the most extensive store on the planet; the oceans. Ice Ages always corresponds to periods of low sea level because much of the ocean water is is land locked as glaciers.
Answer/Explanation:
(1) a mutation in the coding region, resulting in an inactive protein
To check to see if there is a mutation, you could extract the DNA from the cancer cells and then perform PCR to amplify the gene of interest. You could then perform sanger sequencing and compare the sequence to the normal gene to see if a mutation is present. To test the effect of the mutation, you would want to see if an active protein has been formed.
To see if a normal sized protein has been formed, you could perform a western blot, comparing the protein band to the WT protein band. If the protein is absent or much smaller, it is likely not a functional protein.
(2) epigenetic silencing at the promoter of the gene, resulting in reduced transcription.
To check for changes in the epigenetic landscape of the promoter, you could perform chromatin immunoprecipitation by extracting the chromatin from the tumour cells and using antibodies for different chromatin marks to see what has changed between the normal cells and the tumor cells. E.g. H3K9me3, H3K27me3. You would perform a pull down with the antibody of interest and then PCR for your promoter to specifically look at changes at that gene compared to normal cells. To test DNA methylation, you could perform bisulfite sequencing.
To see how transcription is affected, you could extract RNA from the tumor and normal cells, and compare the levels of RNA between the two samples by qRT-PCR
