There really should be an "all of the above except D" option because all of these things happened to a certain extent during this time except <span>the resolution of the problems of Palestinian refugees.</span>
If you mean Prince Henry the navigator, he was the third son of King John I from Portugal and he was called infante Dom Henrique in Portuguese.
The code talkers contributed mostly to enhancing methods of coding secret information.
Code talking was pioneered by the Cherokee and Choctaw people during World War 1.
The term code speakers refers to a group of people in the 20th century who utilized little known tribal languages as a mean of secret communication during war time.
The Marine Corps recruited the Navajo Code Talkers in 1941 and 1942. Twenty night people from the Navajo tribe were asked to develop a code within their language. They used their everyday tribal languages to convey classified messages. There was a special Navajo word for each letter of the English alphabet. After this, A Code Talking school was established and 400 more Navajos recruited. They had to complete an extensive training in communication and memorizing the code.
Answer:
Well, first you'll have to identify themes of their rule.
Style of rule -
NII was obviously an autocrat (even though he, in theory anyway, had a representative body of the peoples, the Duma. But he hung onto his absolute rule with the Fundamental Laws (1905)), and Lenin had spoke alot of 'dictatorship of the proletariat,' both pretty absolute.
Repression (secret police, censorship) -
NII had the Okhrana, and tried to continue his father's 'Reaction.' Secret police for the
purpose of preserving the status quo, keeping the Tsars in power.
Lenin's Cheka was far more efficient, and though the total amount of the Cheka's victims in the civil war are officially 12,000 and something(wiki it), historians widely believe this figure to be in excess 500,000. Lenin therefore could be judged as the worse of the two.
Reform -
- NII - Illusory Reform (October Manifesto created the Duma, and as mentioned, this had no real authority),
- Stolypin's land reforms did almost nothing. Lenin issues the Workers Control Decree, and also
- the Bolshevik Land Decree - however these were only very temporary (before a return to a very
- authoritarian economic set-up (strict discipline etc). These therefore could also be judged as illusory.
Similarities-
- Both used concessions/reform in order to maintain control. Nicholas with the October Manifesto and
the creation of the Duma and Lenin with the NEP to appease the SR's and the rightists of the Bolsheviks.
- They both 'backtracked' on the reforms however with Lenin calling the NEP a 'tactical retreat' and would've
- reverted it had he been alive and Nicholas made the 1906 constitution/ Fundamental laws which limited the Duma's powers and maintained his position as an autocrat.
It granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States including former slaves, and guaranteed all citizens “ equal protection of the laws”
