Answer:
The six codons for arginine are the following:
GCA, GCG, GCT, GCC, TCT, TCC
A) Considering the individual bases in each codon, three mutations are possible at each base position. Hence, 3 × 3 × 6 = 54 mutations are possible.
B) Considering the mutations at the 3rd base: 3 × 4 + 1 × 2 = 14 of these mutations are silent mutations.
C) Lysine codons are the following:
TTT, TTC
There are two possible mutations that can give a lys codon.
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Answer:
B. As the distance between loci increases, some multiple crossovers go undetected such that the relationship between recombination frequency and map distance ceases to be linear.
Explanation:
When calculating recombination frequencies, and hence, map distances, we might notice that these distances are not completely additive. They might vary. <em>For example, let us say that we have three genes, A, B, and C, in that order. </em>We calculated that the <em>distance between A and B equals 5.9</em> MU and that <em>B and C are 19.5 MU apart.</em> According to this, we might say that the <em>total distance between A and C is 25.4 MU (5.9 + 19.5). </em>However, after a<em> two-point calculation between A and C, the value equals 23.7 MU. </em>
The recombination frequency between these two genes located in the extremes and far apart underestimate the actual genetic distances between them because there might occur other crossing-overs that were not detected. This is <em>when calculating the distance between A and C, we probably will not detect the occurrence of a double recombinant between them, and hence, we might sub-estimate the real distance.</em>
The relationship between the actual map distance (number of crossing overs) and the recombination frequency between two loci, is not lineal. The farther apart are the two genes, the worse is the distance estimation.
Answer:
((2 (cm squared)) + (4 (cm squared))) / 2 =
0.0003 m2
Explanation:
Answer:
Dissolved or gaseous substances have to pass through the cell membrane to get into or out of a cell. Diffusion occurs when particles spread. ... They move from a region where they are in high concentration to a region where they are in low concentration.
Explanation:
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One of the differences between the cell membrane and the cell wall is in the type of organisms that they are found in. A cell wall is found in plants only. A cell membrane is found in all organisms including plants. Present only in plants, and in some fungi, bacteria, algae.
