The 'Allegory Of The Cave' is a theory put forward by Plato, concerning human perception. Plato claimed that knowledge gained through the senses is no more than opinion and that, in order to have real knowledge, we must gain it through philosophical reasoning
Italian polymath Galileo Galilei espoused the view of heliocentricism in the early 17th century, contrary to the geocentrism which was commonly accepted at the time.