From the 11th to 13th centuries, medieval Europe<span> absorbed knowledge from </span>Islamic civilization<span>, which was then at its cultural peak. Of particular importance was the </span>rediscovery of some ancient classic texts<span>, most notably the work of the </span>Greek natural philosopher Aristotle<span>, through retranslations from </span>Arabic<span>. Also of note is the reception of advances in </span>astronomy<span> and </span>mathematics<span> made in the Islamic world during the 10th century, such as the development of the </span>astrolabe<span>.</span>
The answer is D <span>Control over African territories provided crucial supply lines to the Allies.</span>
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