This question is incomplete because the options are missing; here is the complete question: 
How did railroads spur economic growth and create new markets for products after  the Civil War?
A. By linking the nation together  
B. By reinvesting in other industries
C. By bringing immigrants west
D. By providing railroad land to settlers
The answer to this question is A. By linking the nation together
Explanation:
The creation of new railroads and the expansion of old railroads after the civil war was key in the economic growth and prosperity of the U.S. This is because the railroads connected or linked many territories that were previously isolated. This implied goods and raw materials could be easily transported, which increased production and trade. Moreover, there were new markets as territories connected integrated in trade. According to this, option A is correct.
 
        
             
        
        
        
A: Ottomans advancing across Europe
was the biggest threat to the empire of Charles V?
 
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
Today, many political analysts agree in classifying journalism and the media as the fourth branch of democracy, in addition to the Executive Branch, the Legislative Branch and the Judicial Branch. This means, according to these analysts, that journalism exercises a determining power within the framework of democracy, decisively influencing public opinion in society and establishing issues of interest to citizens.
Ultimately, there is a covert manipulation through the dissemination of news, which implies that citizens consume a certain agenda or ideology through them. Thus, the media modify the public agenda, creating needs in the citizenry, which begins to demand these from the politicians, modifying in turn the political agenda of the nation.