For three hundred years or, three centuries.
Answer: During the Middle Ages, the buildings had large, rounded arches with stained glass. Apart from this, the size of windows increased and the width of the walls decreased. Buttress, vaulted roofs, spires all become common to this time. The concept of stained glass was introduced. The Middle age is also referred to as the Gothic period. This style of architecture was introduced in France and has developed from the Romanesque architecture.
Explanation:
There are many landforms that can prevent expansion- bodies of water, mountainous terrian, and a desert are some examples.
These countries did not struggle in the war -
Afghanistan, Andorra, Estonia, Iceland, Ireland, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Portugal, Spain, San Marino, Sweden, Switzerland, Tibet, Vatican City, and Yemen