a) The formal Constitutional powers that apply to the scenario in which the president outlines a comprehensive plan to overhaul the Social Security system by expecting Congress to pass the plan in its entirety is the spending powers granted to Congress.
However, the spending powers enshrined in the constitution are not absolute, as some spending powers were also granted to the states. The states have the responsibility of catering to the welfare of the citizens.
b) The informal powers and roles of the president that apply to the scenario are limited to making the outline and laying his plans before Congress.
It remains the role of Congress to consider the president's plans for approval or not. The Supreme Court has the final responsibility to uphold or reject Congressional laws during its legislative reviews.
Learn more about the constitutional powers of the president here: brainly.com/question/6279182
