The phrase in the parenthesis is acting as an adjective.
I didn't read the text that goes along with this but based on the information, I would say the answer is D. I hope this helps!
Answer:
1) Orwell shows that, like the people of the Soviet Union, Clover experiences deep sadness about the violence.
2) Orwell shows that Clover had hopes similar to those of Soviet peasants—that life would eventually improve.
3) Orwell shows that Clover discovers she is mistaken in believing that the powerful would protect the weak
