One could be the rise of towns and the crusades. The Crusades was a campaign to reclaim the
Holy from Muslim rule. Despite the
number of campaigns launched. The Holy
remained under Muslim control and this weakened the feudal system as the
nobility spent most of their wealth on these campaigns. This led to the growth of towns where merchants
grew rich and became a force in society which led to the rise of the
Renaissance where interest was centered on the classics.
In general, yes, immigration during 1830s to 1840s was vital to the industrialization of America, since it was mostly immigrants who first sought employment in the factories that were an essential element of industrialization.
They might have used Boats, ships and depending on time even cars.
A2A — They are also known as “meridians.” Zero degrees longitude is called the Prime Meridian, as it is the line from which other meridians are calculated. Bonus answer: Another name for lines of latitude is “parallels,” so called because lines of latitude run parallel to each other (lines of longitude do not.)