Answer:
Essentially, it measures the economic performance of a country. It's a measure of the final market value of goods and services for a country during a specific time.
Correct answer: Court cases challenged the legality of discrimination.
I'll mention key court cases after debunking the other answers in the list. Truman's desegregation of the armed forces happened already in 1948, and impacted only those in the armed forces, rather than all African Americans. The suburbs were NOT welcoming toward African Americans, and they remained in living mostly in urban centers.
As to key court cases of the 1950s regarding discrimination:
1950: Sweatt v. Painter and McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents. In these cases, the Supreme Court said segregation of African American students in law and graduate schools was unconstitutional. This was the start of challenging "separate-but-equal" policies.
1954: Brown v. Board of Education. Firm decision that "separate but equal" policies were unconstitutional across the education system. Chief Justice Earl Warren, speaking for the unanimous opinion of the Court, said: “Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.”
1955: Brown v. Board II. The Supreme Court directed that school systems must abolish segregation “with all deliberate speed.”
1956: The Supreme Court affirmed a lower court ruling that the segregation of the Montgomery, Alabama, bus system was illegal. This was in reference to the bus boycott that had begun with the protest by Rosa Parks.
1958: Cooper v. Aaron. The Supreme Court upheld the US Court of Appeals (8th Circuit) decision that resistance by local officials and threats of violence in the community did not justify delaying desegregation. This followed in the wake of the Little Rock Nine (a group of black students) seeking enrollment in LIttle Rock Central High School.
There were several important factors that contributed to the ability of europeans to conquer the aztecs and inca, but the most important three were that the Europeans brought guns, germs, and steel weapons.
<em>The Emancipation Proclamation.</em>
Explanation:
The Emancipation Proclamation was officially given on January 1, 1863 and sought the end of slavery in the United States by President Abraham Lincoln.
There was a long battle between the Union and the Confederacy with slavery. The Union wanted to abolish slavery, while the Confederate states wanted to keep it, for numerous reasons. Southern states heavily relied on agriculture for wealth, they were not industrialized like the Northern states. The South made money growing cotton, tobacco, and sometimes indigo, this meant that they needed people, in this case slaves, to tend to these crops.
The Emancipation Proclamation did not work everywhere immediately, it took time to free the millions of slaves across the country, but in the end it did work. Lincoln also made sure to time this correctly to make sure he would gain support from the American citizens.
This also lead to the Thirteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution, which abolished slavery for good.
