David Wilmot was a Pennsylvania-born congressman who opposed slavery. His "proviso"—a clause tacked on to a number of legislation being debated in Congress—prohibited slavery in all of the new territory won from Mexico following the Mexican War. Although the proviso was well-liked in the North, it was vehemently opposed by the South and never became a part of the legislation. It declared that slavery would be outlawed in any new area that the United States might take over from Mexico. The argument over whether slavery still exists in the West was rekindled.
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Wounded Knee, located on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in southwestern South Dakota, was the site of two conflicts between North American Indians and representatives of the U.S. government. An 1890 massacre left some 150 Native Americans dead, in what was the final clash between federal troops and the Sioux.
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Industrialization quickly changed the landscape of the United States and other countries in the 19th century. Construction materials, like steel and iron were needed for buildings, factories, and railroads. Oil was discovered to be a great source of fuel. The Spindletop Geyser in Beaumont, Texas was discovered in 1901, and over 1000 oil companies were chartered. 8 years later, the U.S.'s oil production was more than the rest of the world's oil production combined.
A. Southern and Eastern Europe.
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Southern states continued to deny Black men the right to vote using a collection of state and local statutes during the Jim Crow era. Subsequent amendments to the Constitution granted women the right to vote and lowered the legal voting age to 18.
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