The four main types of biomolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. These molecules exhibit different cellular functions.
Carbohydrates are biomolecules composed of monosaccharide units linked by glycosidic bonds.
The carbohydrates provide energy and they can also be structural components of the cell.
Lipids are biomolecules composed of fatty acids attached to a glycerol backbone.
The lipids play a fundamental role during the formation of cellular membranes (phospholipids and cholesterol).
Proteins are biomolecules composed of long chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.
The proteins play both enzymatic and structural (e.g., microtubules, components of the cytoskeleton) functions.
The nucleic acids (either DNA or RNA) are biomolecules composed of long chains of nucleotides, whose function is to carry the genetic material of an organism.
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