The Ice Ages shaped and sculpted the face of the Earth. Continents that were once connected by land bridges had shifted and separated during the Ice Ages. Therefore without the Ice Ages, Earth would look significantly different, and some of the natural beauties like Niagra Falls would not exist.
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If you jumped into the black hole feet first, the gravitational force on your toes would be much stronger than that pulling on your head. Each bit of your body would also be elongated in a slightly different direction. You would literally end up looking like a piece of spaghetti.
The heat that remains inside the Earth from its creation and radioactive decay are its main heat sources.
The deep earth receives heat from three main sources: (1) heat left over from the planet's formation and accretion, (2) frictional heating brought on by denser core material sinking to the planet's centre, and (3) heat from radioactive element decay.
The energy produced when unstable atoms decay is known as radioactivity, and it is a substantial contributor to the Earth's heat. The main source are the radioactive isotopes of uranium-235 (235U), uranium-238 (238U), potassium-40 (40K), and thorium-232 (232Th) in the Earth's mantle.
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The Amazon rainforest in Brazil lost an area about 12 times the size of New York City from August 2018 through July of this year, according to government data released Monday, which shows that deforestation in the biome has shot up significantly since the election of President Jair Bolsonaro.
The 3,769 square miles of forest cover lost during that period represents a 30 percent increase from the previous year and the highest net loss since 2008.
While there are always multiple direct and indirect drivers of deforestation, the largest contributors in Brazil, by far, are cattle ranching, demand for commodities, and logging (Butler, 2019). Cattle ranching is, as it sounds, the issue of large areas of forest being destroyed for cattle farms. This relates to the demand for commodities, as Brazil is the largest exporter of beef in the world (Yale University, 2015). The other largest commodity in the Brazilian Amazon is soybeans. In fact, Brazil is the largest exporter of soybeans in the world (Simoes et al., 2011). Soybeans require large plots of land in order to be farmed, and this land is obtained largely through deforestation. Lastly, logging, the process of obtaining wood for timber and other uses, is a very large contributor to deforestation.
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