Explanation:
Most of the police organisations around the world are quasi military in nature because they also include specific rank of the officers, personnel carry arms, a Hierarchical Structure remains within the organisation. In this case the flow of orders is one way, top to down. This kind of structure differs from military by its close obedience towards the common benefits of the public. These organisations are also characterized by the bureaucratic nature. Specific personnel are ascribed with special kind of duties, they take actions according to the predefined rules, hierarchical structure remains in the authority. There are some upsides as well as some important downside of this structure:
Upsides:
- It provides maximum efficiency.
- 1) This types of organisation is purely systematic and predictable in nature by the exact implication of prescribed rules.
- The impersonality relationship principle ensures that the decisions within the organisation are not personnel specific.
- Division of labor ensures the development of expertise.
Drawbacks:
-
The structure is not flexible.
- The division of labor increases the number of personnel and with that increases the cost of policing.
- The idea of "war against crime" comes from the military structure. This idea encourages them to take decisions above the rules.
- The bureaucratic structure takes a long time for the implementation of the law.
According to James Wilson, there are three main types of police organization structures:
Service style
Management of community is of greater priority, more than the law enforcement.
Legalistic style
Based on the strict implication of the predefined rules.
Watchman style
In this structure the personals try to solve small conflicts then and there at the spot. Prompt decisions by the personals depending on their own judgement are encouraged.
There are many more types of police structure are found all over the world. One important member of this type of policing system is Community policing. In this case the officer is selected from his own locality and he creates a direct relationship with the people at the locality in order to maintain the law and enforcement there and takes decisions on his own for minor conflicts.
Answer:
(B) do that the model can be taken apart
Explanation:
The other one is wrong.... longitude lines travel north to south and latitude lines travel east to west... the latitude line that is at 0° is the equator
New York is 5 zones west of GMT.
New Zealand is 12 zones east of GMT.
-- If both places are on Standard time, or both are on Daylight/Summer/Fast time,
then it's 11:00 PM Sunday night anywhere in New Zealand.
-- If only New York is on Daylight time, then it's 10:00 PM in New Zealand.
-- If only New Zealand is on Daylight time ... (I'm not even sure they do Daylight
time over there) ... then it's 12:00 midnight Sunday night in New Zealand.
